Maximize Resource Efficiency

Be Efficient

Reduce

Separation and purification operations should be designed to minimize energy consumption and materials use**

Minimize

Energy Requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure*

Optimize

Products, processes, and systems should be designed to maximize mass, energy, space, and time efficiency**

Integrate

Design of products, processes, and systems must include integration and interconnectivity with available energy and materials flows**

Prevent

Strive to prevent waste***

Measure

Mass Balances

Establish full mass balances for a process****

Heat & Mass Transfer

Anticipate heat and mass transfer limitations****

Conversion

Report conversions, selectivities, and productivities****

Byproduct Formation

Identify and quantify by-products****

Utilities

Quantify and minimize the use of utilities****

Design

Output-Pulled vs. Input-Pulled

Products, processes and systems should be “output pulled” rather than “input pushed” through the use of energy and materials**

Atom Economy

Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product*

Find Alternatives

The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents) should be made unnecessary whenever possible and innocuous when used*

Reduce Derivatives

Unnecessary derivatization (blocking group, protection-deprotection, and temporary modification of physical / chemical processes) should be avoided whenever possible*

Use Catalysis

Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents*
 

Be Sustainable

Minimize

Minimize depletion of natural resources.***

Conserve & Improve

Conserve and improve natural ecosystems while protecting human health and well-being ***