Sulfamethazine (or sulfadimidine) is an antibiotic in the sulfonamide class that has been marketed under numerous trade names. Its synthesis was first reported by W. T. Caldwell and co-workers in 1941.
Many sulfonamide drugs cause neurological side effects, including headaches and insomnia, but sulfamethazine does not. K. Johnsson and colleagues at ETH Lausanne (Switzerland) recently showed that the side effects are caused by disruption of the enzyme sepiapterin reductase. Sulfamethazine does not fit into the enzyme's active site and therefore cannot cause the side effects.
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